Understanding the relevance of traditional typeface classification is difficult in a contemporary context. Students often glaze over with boredom when the subject comes up and it can be difficult to explain why understanding typeface classification is directly applicable to design practice. If you consider the choice of typeface akin to the selection of raw materials, quality and appropriateness for the job at hand are key. The critical ability to make the best selection is invaluable. In the context of screen typography, where the range of other factors that affect publication on screen are so complex (platform, resolution, software compatibility, licensing etc), this initial design task is a crucial one.
The Vox Classification (1954) was the first really comprehensive attempt at classifying a diverse and ever increasing range of typefaces. Developed by French typographic historian Maximilien Vox, it was later adapted in the development of the British Standard of Typeface Classification (1967). Other more simplified versions can be found in the numerous typography handbooks published in the last decade, for example in John Kane’s Type Primer and Ellen Lupton’s Thinking with Type.
The addition of typefaces designed for all types of screens, from early examples such as Wim Crouwel’s New Alphabet to Cornel Windlin’s Dot Matrix, has prompted some rethinking in the area of classification. Most notable is Catherine Dixon’s PhD research which developed a new framework for typeform description that ’seeks to provide a comprehensive but expandable method for describing all typeforms, both historic and contemporary’. Though it is yet unpublished, Phil Baines and Andy Haslam incorporate it into their book Typography, in the section on type classification. Dixon’s proposed method seems to make a lot of sense, it is based on description, on the formal attributes of type design, rather than on categorisation. It more accurately reflects the subtleties of type design practice, rather than an abstract theoretical system that seems divorced from practical use. Dixon’s approach certainly seems applicable – I plan to use it in the course of my research. It respects the existing classification but creates a flexible framework that builds on past experience and accommodates new additions without creating gimmicky categories for ‘computer’ or ‘digital’ typefaces.
I recently came across an MA project from Nick Sherman, also looking at new possibilities for typeface classification. Interestingly, like Dixon, he attempts to create a software tool to facilitate access and understanding to the proposed new system.